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1825 in the settlement was just one year old. all the banks of the river may have been a more comfortable place to be those who would be Brisbane town's principal occupants would learn to call their time here existence rather than life before the arrival of white men the area where the central business district stands today was not regularly used by local aborigines as it was extremely swampy particularly down towards the botanic gardens the Queen Street the area was used in much the same way as today this area was probably used as a crossing the point may be a hunter-gathering point the river was crossed as far as we can tell mostly at the Botanic Gardens area and to get across to the South Brisbane and the will and gamble with us sort of ceremonies that sort of thing so we expect that there were a number of crossing points and also pathways particularly along with the high ridge sort of Gorge streets and would the first white men to ever pass by the mall area were pamphlet Finnegan and Parsons three timber workers who were shipwrecked on Moreton Island they gradually battled their way across two Stradbroke Island then peel finally making the mainland and scrambling their way through the bush up the southern side of the river after stealing an Aboriginal canoe they crossed the river near where the bridge named after pamphlet stands today in Tennyson and walked back down the north side of the river not far from the present-day mall against his orders lieutenant Henry Miller chose the new site after the move from Red Cliff as a provided natural protection on three sides by the river he was later dismissed as commandant for his actions the first two streets although they were not named at that stage were Queen and George streets Queen Street became the principal Street in the settlement simply because it was the most worn dirt track in the area the two tracks ran through a thick bush which was given a glowing report by one convict who described it thus I loved his OBE some race of men had been here before us and planted this veritable Garden of Eden butted the convicts in early Brisbane Town had known what lay in store for them a Garden of Eden was the last way they would have described the place the first building constructed in Queen The street was the military barracks for soldiers of the 40th regiment it was situated in what is now a park across the road from the present Treasury Casino it was a rough slab wooden handmade brick structure erected in early 1825 it gave way to a more substantial version in 1831 on the casino site but the place that would haunt the memories of those who survived its brutal days was built some 300 meters down the road located where Jojo's stands today the prisoners barracks was an unforgiving place where prisoners spent the few hours they weren't toiling it was cold comfort after a dawn to dusk day in the fields or working the feared treadmill at the windmill and what is now Wickham Terrace it also contained solitary confinement cells where many a prisoner was locked for days on end receiving only bread and water as sustenance but the most feared place in the settlement was situated right behind me and what is now the middle of them all, it was the whipping triangle where prisoners were tied and flogged mercilessly sometimes receiving up to 300 lashes whipping has generally occurred at about 6:00 in the evening and so much blood was spilled on this spot it took on almost a religious significance for the wretched souls of early Moreton Bay the man who indelibly stamped his mark on Queen Street was captain Patrick Logan who took over as commandant in March of 1826 while undoubtedly Logan's reputation as a tyrant will stand any test he also did many positive things, Queen Street was certainly probably established by Logan by the fact of him deciding to set the convict barracks prisoners barrack the hospital the lumber yard pretty much at right angles to the existing administrative area of just sort of George Street and all of those buildings which he was able to erect in sort of a substantial manner some of them survived well into the 1880s Logan replaced many of the slab timber shanties with buildings made from stone quarried from the Kangaroo Point plaits this is the last of those remaining the commissariat store off George Street built in 1829 also constructed that year just a little further down Queen Street on the side of the present-day post-office was the female factory the women's prison housed 100 female convicts who handled many of the domestic chores of the settlement the women's prison were central to much of the strife in the ramshackle settlement with both prisoners and guards constantly trying to break in some succeeded and as a result the site also became the birthplace of the first true Brisbane heights by 1836 prisoner numbers had diminished considerably to jump over 300 most on short sentences and with plans afoot to close the penal settlement and open the area up to free settlers the family who would have probably the greatest impact on early Brisbane town arrived at the settlement and repeat REE and his son left a very important mark on the whole of Brisbane perhaps for 4050 years, they were either instrumental in building major buildings such as the post offices we now nod and repeat Rehim self we've blind in 1848 and so he brought his son into the business John and John later became the first mayor of Brisbane but together the two worked long and hard putting that step on Queen Street particularly although the only sort of framework left from that era is of course our general post office and then the Customs House which we firm built-in 1880 on the 10th of February 1840 - it was officially proclaimed that Brisbane town was no longer a penal settlement and was opened up to free settlers the town plan had been laid and despite some interference from Governor Gibbs Brisbane town was born when they bought governor Gibbs up they first took him into Cleveland which that hope would be a major port for the area unfortunately they brought him into Cleveland because low tide and there's not much else Eddie saw it's mud and rocks so he actually landed in the mud I had to wallow through it so by the time he got to but sure Cleveland was out of the picture as a major port after that they brought him up here to Brisbane and he landed and there's an interesting story about when he arrived that he came across a couple of surveyors picking out the streets and he considered that the width of the street to this Queen Street which was to the chain was far too wide for a paltry little village so he had them change it back to one chain after he left the surveyor actually moved the pegs back so we've now got the Queen Street as it's one chain 21 links wide and for those of you who aren't familiar with measurements that were out of date before we even went metric all that means we ended up with a street about 24 meters across ironically the piece of land now occupied by one of Brisbane's most impressive retail outlets were in Penal days the government store where supplies from Sydney and most of what was grown locally was kept under tight security little could the convicts who wrestled with bags and barrows 170 years ago know what would stand here today next Brisbane the frontier town battling a killer Creek and the Great Fire of Brisbane wreaks havoc in Queen Street at the start of the last decade of the last century Lisbon had gone to a city of more than 100,000 people and in 1899 this is how the river end of Queen Street appear fans from South is been brought commuters into the city and Roma Street Station is just around the corner, Lisbon's well-reputed easygoing manner was evident even in these first moving pictures of the city there was always time for a chat with a friend even if it was in the middle of Queen Street but while this was now a prosperous City the battle to get there after the end of the convict deer art more than fifty years before hadn't always been easy by the opening of Brisbane to free settlement, Queen Street was a convict relic but hopes were strong at Brisbane would flourish to become the major urban center of northern Australia with Queen Street as its epicenter while the land was put to auction as early as July 1842 much were sold to southern owners who would not commit to the building as result rents were high in those few houses that were available for the burgeoning population of laborers Builders and tradesmen in the 1840s Brisbane became more like a disorderly frontier town with men greatly outnumbering women there were frequent gunfights in Queen Street after nights of drunken gambling and debauchery law and order was a major concern largely because of the liberal drinking laws and the female prison once where the post office now stands was converted into jail, for men and women, many new arrivals chose to take up residence at one of two Malter natives to Brisbane town Kangaroo Point or South Brisbane Kangaroo Point was promoted as a better place to live away from the dilapidated Queen Street and its ramshackle shops and dangerous locals it was certainly a very rough and ready town and Brisbane as it was known by then was certainly renowned for the rowdy ISM obviously hotels were very important and establishments associated with them whether they be oysters Solomon's or whatever grew up to cater for the population which was coming in at the end of In the 1840s you still had a population within the whole of Brisbane area of around the thousand so it wasn't a very big population very rough and ready the the street was just a track Latroy while competition between the villages continued Queen Street was growing in popularity because of its access to the seat of government in George Street more shops and the availability of freshwater piped from the Roma Street reservoir by the 1850s Brisbin's crude frontier existence was coming to an end houses were being built in and around Queen Street with the newly established paper the Moreton Bay courier claiming if 50 houses were built each day they would have occupants the arrival of immigrants from England Ireland Scotland Germany and Chinese from the northern goldfield swirled Brisbin's numbers from the 1850s through to the late 1890s they did wonders for the growing retail center in Queen Street became the center of cultural and entertainment activities with one local describing a typical New Year's day the first day of the new year was not suffered past like ordinary dates in Brisbane on the north side of the river horse-racing cricket and other sports enliven the day amongst other attractions a hogshead of ale was exposed for general use in front of some Patrick in Queen Street and received many friendly calls in the course of the morning the summer of 1864 was hot and dry and was to bring with it the greatest tragedy to hit the fledgling settlement a disaster that would become known as the Great Fire of 1864 literally a block between Albert Street and George Street and through to Elizabeth The street our disappeared firefighting in those days were just so different from what we understand is now you had a volunteer fire brigade they had very rudimentary equipment and you would attempt to pull out whatever was flammable out of a place but then you would attempt to pull down wooden buildings in the path of the fire so the firemen needed to be very athletic and get onto the building chopping intersections attached hooks ropes chains and of course the crowd gathering would help pull them down despite a desperate bucket brigade townspeople simply could not find enough water and in two hours the whole area bordered by Queen Albert Elizabeth and George Street was reduced to smoldering cinders there were two banks in Queen Street three hotels four drapery stores all demolished and literally, the Commerce of the city or the town as a prize came to a full stop there was however one positive aspect from the fire brought about the construction of the inaugural Creek Reservoir it was completed in 1866 as the city grew a decision made by Governor Logan was to create great difficulties the penal settlement commander had located Queen Street backing onto a creek to ensure freshwater by the 1870s the creek had become a major danger to public health early Brisbane did not have stormwater drains or sewage or even gutters for that matter waste products from Queen Street shops, as well as manure from the roads all, ended up in the creek it had become an open sewer it's still possible to see where the creek ran between Queen and Adelaide streets this laneway slopes down to what once was the creek bed reports of the day say it was the creek turn cesspool that contributed to Brisbane's terrifying infant mortality rates in the early days the creek was diverted into a drain which runs under Adelaide Street in 1878 things were changing fast in 1885 the old military barracks were demolished the first horse-drawn trans trundled down Queen Street which by now was an imposing facade of banks insurance companies large stores and public buildings many of which were three or four stories high Queen Street was on a roll electric trams arrived in 1897 by then gliding silently compared with them horse-drawn predecessors past the first major department store in Queen Street Finney Isles in 1891 the universal providers as they called themselves employed 316 people making it one of the largest companies in Queensland by 1902 Queen Street had been paved with wooden blocks from the bridge to Edwards Street the area now occupied by the mall the lower end was still a dirt road not paved or even sealed the same year the municipality of Brisbane was proclaimed a city with this as it's Main Street there's been a number of tragic fires in Queen Street the great fire of 1864 another the same a year and one in 1877 which claimed the life of volunteer fireman James Mooney there's been confusion since then as to whether this fountain on the corner of Queen and Eagle streets were dedicated to his memory it's more likely that donations given by his firefighter mates in the public went to build this memorial in the tourism Cemetery although in 1988 a plaque was attached which recognizes Mooney and other firemen who died in Brisbane fires after the break go back in time take a trip down Queen Street into Brisbane as far back as the 1880s Queen Street was the place to be seen promenade in the quaint term applied to taking a walk where others will see you were a popular pastime as well it was the retail center and the home of business the court was established virtually at the end of Queen Street and ensured ongoing prosperity historically this these streets have always been a commercial hub ever since the days the first view of being built upon the shore there the commissariat from then on just became a real commercial hub timber merchants Bank merchants history and it's continued that inertia Queen Street quickly became the focus of major events in the life of the city we send our troops away to the Boer War from there in 1899 unfortunately this relatively calm scene on the Victoria Bridge wasn't to last in 20s Queen Street also became home to our first traffic jams thanks to the rapid growth of Commerce miss city and only one bridge across the river, the public gatherings were immense in lighting building sticks this huge throng lined Queen Street to see the arrival of the legendary Oppie cubit Opperman the finest long-distance bike rider the country had ever produced it just set a new record for the pedal from Sydney to Brisbane the very different sporting priorities of the day dictated that this would be lead item LED newsreels around the nation during the Second World War courtesy of the Brisbane line a plan to drop the front line back to Brisbane in case of invasion from the north the city became something of a garrison town there are constant parades of Australian and American troops either coming or going the largest was in August of 1944 when a crowd of 250,000 turned out to welcome the United States 7th division Brisbane emerged from the war more neglected and dilapidated then southern capitals but because so many country interstates and international servicemen had been here during the war in the 50s tourists started to run but the Brisbin of the 50s was totally unprepared and its reputation suffered it was considered a hick town with few facilities and no entertainment if you are coming over the bridge from South Brisbane you'd go past the Treasury Building which is now the casino and then cross over George Street and on your right there was Barry and robbers which was a pretty big store a bit further down on the left with Allen and Stark which was eventually brought out by Myer and there's a lot of other smaller stops such as dyads and a menswear big menswear the shop called pike brothers and that was all the top end of Queen Street for Geoff rod and other Brisbane taxi drivers this is what Queen Street look like in the late 50s a vast pry from what many of us can remember Krauss Albert The street you the main theaters were on the right for the Regent and there was a couple of good cafes there was one called the palms which was very elegant it had mirrors and soda fountains and was quite a thing for Brisbane in those days the women would always wear hats and gloves and the blokes of businessmen of course would always wear suits and ties and there was much more often than not a blue Serge suit with a white shirt occasionally they're like they're blue shirt and that the ties were never to Larry they if you had the allowed tie was either called being loud or being a laugh and so you've kept yourself pretty conservative the only highlight in the late 50s for the visitor to Brisbane was to browse through the department stores of Queen Street the largest and best in the state boss Queen Streets dominance was about to be challenged and after the break a move that would forever change the face of Brisbane's best-known street you here's a drink this one trick oh come on you guys all right no no I know it kitty that's a big me all right already you doing this here other any news here when this be on it other anybody gas up the Baxter, I'm so so sorry I will do it slower you the Queen Street Mall is the very heart of the city I don't just mean the retail heart I think it's it's the very epicenter of social life and a city that's got a half has got a future but it wasn't always that way Queen Street and the city precinct had a fight on their hands for domination of the Brisbane retail scene in 1957 the first the large-scale suburban shopping center opened inside the suburbs expanded the highways through to those suburbs and access to those areas improved as a result they introduced the infrastructure that was required to service the communities that were developing out there and while all that excitement was taking classes in the outer ridges of the city of Brisbane as it continued to grow downtown Queen Street was losing its color and flavor and mood and becoming out of vogue so from the 50s right through to the 70s the focus of the growth for this city was outside downtown Brisbane by 1974 there were four major suburban shopping complexes in Brisbane the largest at that time was Garden City the biggest in the southern hemisphere and the pressure increased Brisbane was moving ahead on the news we were to host an international sporting event of course it was the Commonwealth gangs we had been granted the Commonwealth Games the Queen was coming the city was going to play host to an international event and the focus was on the inner city rather than the outer city area so in August of 1982 in line with the Winter Garden the city's first multi-level CBD shopping experience opens stage one of the Queen Street Mall Stage one of the mall again focused attention on Queen Street it was a resounding success so why not have more nothing succeeds like success and the first part of the mall was just fantastic it was agreed that at the time of exercise we would have the mall extending up towards the old Treasury Building to Victoria Bridge of a course that was linking with South Bank what was happening all that sort of vibrant animation over there at a south bank so there was a natural linkage what's very important to understand is that the need for these corridors to be developed through Queens Street to Victoria Bridge and South Bank along with Albert Street between in George Square and the Botanic Gardens without those spines without those axes, the city really doesn't have a foundation the Queen Street The mall is credited with revitalizing the inner city it is quite simply the most popular place in Queensland 26 million people visit the Queen Street Mall in a year, of course, it is Brisbane's only 7-day shopping precinct so we have 7 days to work with the intersection of Albert Street and Queen Street is the most popular meeting spot in the state and unless you haven't been to the city for at least 18 months you'll be well aware all that has changed this construction zone has been brought about by the biggest facelift the inner city has ever had around the country cities and towns are abandoning more returning the streets to the Great God motorcar Brisbane by contrast has decided to refurbish a mall that since 1988 the expo year has stretched from Edwards Street to North Key next come with us on a guided tour of the brand-new mall with a man who's made it all happen it would be hard to imagine Brisbane and particularly the city center without the Victoria Bridge it has been and still is a vital link between north and south but of course, there was a time when it didn't exist the first bridge across the river wasn't commenced until 1864 it was an entirely wooden affair which came to a rather dramatic end the newspaper of the day reports a Mr. cinnamon standing here near the end of the bridge it was quoted as saying that as the Ipswich Coburn co-coach rumbled off the bridge part of the structure simply fell down with a mighty crash as it turned out the bridge pylons had been eaten away by marine borås the entire bridge collapsed over the next few months it wasn't until 1874 before its replacement could be completed and it wasn't long before nature struck again this time, not marine borås for the disastrous flood of 1893 was so ferocious the torrent carried tons of material down the river creating huge rafts of debris which when the bridge could resist no more carried the northern half away again the city mustered its resources to replace the link between the retail and commercial center on the Queen Street side of the bridge and the port and warehouses which by now were well established on the south bank it managed to survive any potential disasters and was itself replaced in 1969 as part of the development that saw the construction of the Riverside Expressway and now 134 years after it was first opened the Victoria Bridge is still exercising an influence over the city it caught the eye of the mall design team seeking a way to rearrange the mall's spaces and structures one of the things that we observed was that the South Brisbane grid The street grid is about six degrees different to the street grid in the middle of Brisbane and of course the bridges as well so this gave us a clue so you can see then if you line up the angle of the bridge and then run the angle down through here that is in fact the six-degree angle and this keeps on going till it hits a point and then it glasses off at another six degrees and that rebounds down the street a little bit like the compression in a didgeridoo or a musical instrument and then that that inner self then creates the idea of this procession way that runs down which is a little bit like a village street within the street Architects, John Mainwaring was appointed director of the mall refurbishment program after extensive research was carried out to find out what the people of Brisbane wanted in the mall are there are two things overwhelmingly that people said they wanted and that was they wanted to be the lighter they wanted to be able to see the sky but also wanted the shade they wanted to be able to see the buildings but they also wanted a roof to ensure they didn't get wet on those brilliant summer storms as well people wanted more places to be able to sit and we've certainly doubled the amount of seating that we've got it integral also in the design of the mall is what has been called a procession line a fast track if you like that runs the length of the mall giving the feeling of a street within a street the procession line is wide enough to allow access to emergency vehicles and there's even room for parades to pass-through giving the public what it wanted wasn't always easy providing openness and light and shade and protection at the same time called for a little bit of ingenuity a three-level roof to provide the lot either three levels produce very thin wafer-like that have separate functions in the top layer for example it produces shade the middle layer translucent Lexan which acts as a waterproof barrier and it still allows light through and then where there's a lower layer which is this metal mesh is where there's gonna be a subtropical creeper growing through that to give that lush cooling shade cooling effect and summer plus the mall also depicts something of the culture of the area this water feature at the top end is reflective of what the mall has become a place to dine out and to be entertained but there are other features that continue the theme of opening up the area to the sky one of the important things about the whole mall project was the relationship and unification of all the different disciplines like landscaping architecture pavement and so on here we have for example in the lower more the cari pine and the relationship between the Kauri pine and this collaborative work of art with prominent Queensland Aboriginal artists Fiona Foley you can see here where the Granite's been sandblasted leaving the leaves polished which actually reflect the skies so developing this dialogue between the heavy granite pavement and the sky and on a much more practical level one of the most asked questions about the new mall is that they got rid of those heel snapping payments and the answer is yes in the fact the surface of the new mall and ease of getting around in it consumed much of the designer's efforts, we wanted to give Brisbane a very very high quality floor very similar to - to a European city we wanted to give that quality and we found the stone nice light stone which still has the essence of the subtropics we found the stone in my own eyes oh where - where's being mined and cut into lumber and then being sent down here four-lane the mall will have full restaurants all with fully covered outdoor eating areas the drawn street end of the mall is dominated by the top stage and a smaller lower stage sits in the middle of the Albert to Edward Street section it's not only to be a precinct to serve the people of Greater Brisbane but changes in the way the city is growing will provide an impetus of their own we're gonna be looking at 80,000 people living within the confines of the city by the year - and one we've got of course the precincts around us we've got major developments going on the top end of the mall where they're going to be putting a residential come office development there we've got the MacArthur chambers at the bottom of the mall and of course, the wonderful South Bank which is this phrase of significant refurbishment and about to embark on 100 million dollars retail office development over there what it's been under tons of scaffolding for months but coming up we'll take a look at that thing the central feature right in the middle of the mall by now these are familiar scenes to all of us reliving the moment with fellow Queenslanders who've done as proud when we sneered the elusive shield for the first time in 95 when the Broncos brought home the Premiership trophy it's become a place where we say thanks and where we say welcome we turned out to meet the Queen and spans an all-too-brief moment with Charles and the lady we would win hearts all over the world by any measure Brisbane Heights have made them all an extremely popular place simply because we keep turning up here soon we'll be doing it in a place that has changed entirely so what was wrong with the old mortgage well there was nothing wrong with the old mall the old war was the best mall in Australia but it was just time to do some renovation and renewal in our homes we regularly update them on the footpaths we regularly update them I think the old more work extremely well but we needed more seating we needed to open it up we needed to remove the clutter I think everywhere occasionally we have a spring clean and this has been a spring clean so now that we've seen what we're getting what as they say is the bottom line how much is it costing us well a bill for the ratepayers is very small there is a levy on all the businesses around this more all up it's about 25 million and 75% of that is being paid for by the traders so did we get value for money oh absolutely I guess it's a bit early to say with all this construction going on but I already people are saying as you walk through the mall you're encouraged to look up and see the wonderful old buildings here and that's certainly true it's going to become very important leisure and relaxation area I think the night at night the mall is going to be spectacular and the architecture has a Queensland feel which is what we planned and I think this more will become famous around the world this is called the central structure it's really the center face of the Queen Street canal the main significance is as a meeting place at this major crossroads here in Brisbane and also it's somewhat of an icon and symbolically as you would expect in some civic way whether its main streets cross one another major function arrives in shelter and shade for people and it's purposely lifted up on this northern side to let in some of the widows own make it a pleasant place to be in the wintertime when it rains it's going to be an interesting experience, in fact, we're really by providing this major central gutter which will spill into a fountain at the far end I think will appreciate the rain and the sense of water at that time really looks very much like a stick insect at the moment which is quite a surprise sometimes when we design these things you don't have these preconceived ideas but at the end of the day you know it becomes something else the mall has become all things to all people you can find entertainment here from the wacky through to the oh so serious and as Queen Street walls before the mall this special part of the city has something for everyone it's a leisure precinct it's a commercial precinct it's an information precinct it's the backdrop to the way the city celebrates it is in the fact a retail powerhouse it is now two blocks long and it's only 450 meters it's not a lot of space but within that space, there are over 1,000 you chop of those 1,000 stores over 600 are related to fashion there are three department stores there are nine shopping centers whatever the style or feel that you want to create for yourself so we specialize in the Queen Street Mall for those just taking their first steps it can be a magical place a place of happy childhood memories that will last forever until you're 15 it's an adult place where friends can find that first shared adventure but still be staying in the late teens it's a place to spread your wings to find new friends to see how the other half lives then it's a place to start other experiences a springboard to a night out a place to show your flair they say life begins at 40 around that the time it's a place for quiet reflection on the day's events but still a shopper's paradise Queen Street is now older than anyone can remember it's a place to reflect on the way it was and marvel at the way it is the new Queen Street Mall is certainly a radical change to take the city into the next millennium obviously we couldn't show you everything tonight so you'll have to come down and have a look for yourself and what better time than at the official opening on Friday see you then join host Hugh Jackman as we capture the glamour and the excitement in your special event the grand opening of Fox Studios Australia 8:30 tonight 60 minutes is coming up next you