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Brisbane Australia history
1825 in the settlement was just one year old. all the banks of the river may have been a more comfortable place to be those who would be Brisbane
town's principal occupants would learn to call their time here existence rather
than life before the arrival of white men the area where the central business
district stands today was not regularly used by local aborigines as it was
extremely swampy particularly down towards the botanic gardens the Queen Street the area was used in much the same way as today this area was probably used as a crossing the point may be a hunter-gathering point the river was crossed as far as we can
tell mostly at the Botanic Gardens area and to get across to the South Brisbane
and the will and gamble with us sort of ceremonies that sort of thing so we expect
that there were a number of crossing points and also pathways particularly
along with the high ridge sort of Gorge streets and would the first white men to
ever pass by the mall area were pamphlet Finnegan and Parsons three timber
workers who were shipwrecked on Moreton Island they gradually battled their way
across two Stradbroke Island then peel finally making the mainland and
scrambling their way through the bush up the southern side of the river after
stealing an Aboriginal canoe they crossed the river near where the bridge named
after pamphlet stands today in Tennyson and walked back down the north side of
the river not far from the present-day mall against his orders lieutenant Henry
Miller chose the new site after the move from Red Cliff as a provided natural
protection on three sides by the river he was later dismissed as commandant for
his actions the first two streets although they were not named at that stage
were Queen and George streets Queen Street became the principal Street in the
settlement simply because it was the most worn dirt track in the area the two
tracks ran through a thick bush which was given a glowing report by one convict
who described it thus I loved his OBE some race of men had been here before us
and planted this veritable Garden of Eden butted the convicts in early Brisbane
Town had known what lay in store for them a Garden of Eden was the last way
they would have described the place the first building constructed in Queen The street was the military barracks for soldiers of the 40th regiment it was
situated in what is now a park across the road from the present Treasury Casino
it was a rough slab wooden handmade brick structure erected in early 1825 it
gave way to a more substantial version in 1831 on the casino site but the place
that would haunt the memories of those who survived its brutal days was built
some 300 meters down the road located where Jojo's stands today the prisoners
barracks was an unforgiving place where prisoners spent the few hours they
weren't toiling it was cold comfort after a dawn to dusk day in the fields or
working the feared treadmill at the windmill and what is now Wickham Terrace it
also contained solitary confinement cells where many a prisoner was locked for
days on end receiving only bread and water as sustenance but the most feared
place in the settlement was situated right behind me and what is now the middle
of them all, it was the whipping triangle where prisoners were tied and flogged mercilessly
sometimes receiving up to 300 lashes whipping has generally occurred at about
6:00 in the evening and so much blood was spilled on this spot it took on almost
a religious significance for the wretched souls of early Moreton Bay the man
who indelibly stamped his mark on Queen Street was captain Patrick Logan who
took over as commandant in March of 1826 while undoubtedly Logan's reputation
as a tyrant will stand any test he also did many positive things, Queen Street
was certainly probably established by Logan by the fact of him deciding to set the
convict barracks prisoners barrack the hospital the lumber yard pretty much at
right angles to the existing administrative area of just sort of George Street
and all of those buildings which he was able to erect in sort of a substantial
manner some of them survived well into the 1880s Logan replaced many of the
slab timber shanties with buildings made from stone quarried from the Kangaroo
Point plaits this is the last of those remaining the commissariat store off George
Street built in 1829 also constructed that year just a little further down
Queen Street on the side of the present-day post-office was the female factory
the women's prison housed 100 female convicts who handled many of the
domestic chores of the settlement the women's prison were central to much of the
strife in the ramshackle settlement with both prisoners and guards constantly
trying to break in some succeeded and as a result the site also became the
birthplace of the first true Brisbane heights by 1836 prisoner numbers had
diminished considerably to jump over 300 most on short sentences and with plans
afoot to close the penal settlement and open the area up to free settlers the family who would have probably the greatest impact on early Brisbane town
arrived at the settlement and repeat REE and his son left a very important mark
on the whole of Brisbane perhaps for 4050 years, they were either instrumental
in building major buildings such as the post offices we now nod and repeat
Rehim self we've blind in 1848 and so he brought his son into the business John
and John later became the first mayor of Brisbane but together the two worked long
and hard putting that step on Queen Street particularly although the only sort
of framework left from that era is of course our general post office and then
the Customs House which we firm built-in 1880 on the 10th of February 1840
- it was officially proclaimed that Brisbane town was no longer a penal
settlement and was opened up to free settlers the town plan had been laid and
despite some interference from Governor Gibbs Brisbane town was born when they
bought governor Gibbs up they first took him into Cleveland which that hope
would be a major port for the area unfortunately they brought him into Cleveland
because low tide and there's not much else Eddie saw it's mud and rocks so he
actually landed in the mud I had to wallow through it so by the time he got to
but sure Cleveland was out of the picture as a major port after that they brought
him up here to Brisbane and he landed and there's an interesting story about
when he arrived that he came across a couple of surveyors picking out the
streets and he considered that the width of the street to this Queen Street
which was to the chain was far too wide for a paltry little village so he had them
change it back to one chain after he left the surveyor actually moved the pegs
back so we've now got the Queen Street as it's one chain 21 links wide and for
those of you who aren't familiar with measurements that were out of date before
we even went metric all that means we ended up with a street about 24 meters
across ironically the piece of land now occupied by one of Brisbane's most impressive
retail outlets were in Penal days the government store where supplies from
Sydney and most of what was grown locally was kept under tight security little
could the convicts who wrestled with bags and barrows 170 years ago know what
would stand here today next Brisbane the frontier town battling a killer Creek
and the Great Fire of Brisbane wreaks havoc in Queen Street at the start of the
last decade of the last century Lisbon had gone to a city of more than 100,000
people and in 1899 this is how the river end of Queen Street appear fans from
South is been brought commuters into the city and Roma Street Station is just
around the corner, Lisbon's well-reputed easygoing manner was evident even in these
first moving pictures of the city there was always time for a chat with a friend even if it was in the middle of Queen Street but while this was now a
prosperous City the battle to get there after the end of the convict deer art
more than fifty years before hadn't always been easy by the opening of Brisbane
to free settlement, Queen Street was a convict relic but hopes were strong at
Brisbane would flourish to become the major urban center of northern Australia
with Queen Street as its epicenter while the land was put to auction as early as
July 1842 much were sold to southern owners who would not commit to the building as result rents were high in those few houses that were available for the burgeoning population of laborers Builders and tradesmen in the 1840s Brisbane
became more like a disorderly frontier town with men greatly outnumbering women
there were frequent gunfights in Queen Street after nights of drunken gambling and
debauchery law and order was a major concern largely because of the liberal drinking
laws and the female prison once where the post office now stands was converted
into jail, for men and women, many new arrivals chose to take up residence at
one of two Malter natives to Brisbane town Kangaroo Point or South Brisbane
Kangaroo Point was promoted as a better place to live away from the dilapidated
Queen Street and its ramshackle shops and dangerous locals it was certainly a
very rough and ready town and Brisbane as it was known by then was certainly
renowned for the rowdy ISM obviously hotels were very important and
establishments associated with them whether they be oysters Solomon's or
whatever grew up to cater for the population which was coming in at the end of In the 1840s you still had a population within the whole of Brisbane area of
around the thousand so it wasn't a very big population very rough and ready the the street was just a track Latroy while competition between the villages continued
Queen Street was growing in popularity because of its access to the seat of
government in George Street more shops and the availability of freshwater
piped from the Roma Street reservoir by the 1850s Brisbin's crude frontier
existence was coming to an end houses were being built in and around Queen
Street with the newly established paper the Moreton Bay courier claiming if 50
houses were built each day they would have occupants the arrival of immigrants
from England Ireland Scotland Germany and Chinese from the northern goldfield
swirled Brisbin's numbers from the 1850s through to the late 1890s they did
wonders for the growing retail center in Queen Street became the
center of cultural and entertainment activities with one local describing a
typical New Year's day the first day of the new year was not suffered past like
ordinary dates in Brisbane on the north side of the river horse-racing cricket
and other sports enliven the day amongst other attractions a hogshead of ale
was exposed for general use in front of some Patrick in Queen Street and
received many friendly calls in the course of the morning the summer of 1864
was hot and dry and was to bring with it the greatest tragedy to hit the
fledgling settlement a disaster that would become known as the Great Fire of
1864 literally a block between Albert Street and George Street and through to Elizabeth The street our disappeared firefighting in those days were just so different from
what we understand is now you had a volunteer fire brigade they had very
rudimentary equipment and you would attempt to pull out whatever was
flammable out of a place but then you would attempt to pull down wooden
buildings in the path of the fire so the firemen needed to be very athletic and
get onto the building chopping intersections attached hooks ropes chains and of
course the crowd gathering would help pull them down despite a desperate bucket
brigade townspeople simply could not find enough water and in two hours the whole area bordered by Queen Albert Elizabeth and George Street was reduced to
smoldering cinders there were two banks in Queen Street three hotels four
drapery stores all demolished and literally, the Commerce of the city or the town as a prize came to a full stop there was however one positive aspect from
the fire brought about the construction of the inaugural Creek Reservoir it
was completed in 1866 as the city grew a decision made by Governor Logan was to
create great difficulties the penal settlement commander had located Queen
Street backing onto a creek to ensure freshwater by the 1870s the creek had
become a major danger to public health early Brisbane did not have stormwater
drains or sewage or even gutters for that matter waste products from Queen
Street shops, as well as manure from the roads all, ended up in the creek it had
become an open sewer it's still possible to see where the creek ran between
Queen and Adelaide streets this laneway slopes down to what once was the creek
bed reports of the day say it was the creek turn cesspool that contributed to Brisbane's
terrifying infant mortality rates in the early days the creek was diverted into
a drain which runs under Adelaide Street in 1878 things were changing fast in
1885 the old military barracks were demolished the first horse-drawn trans
trundled down Queen Street which by now was an imposing facade of banks
insurance companies large stores and public buildings many of which were three
or four stories high Queen Street was on a roll electric trams arrived in 1897
by then gliding silently compared with them horse-drawn predecessors past the
first major department store in Queen Street Finney Isles in 1891 the universal
providers as they called themselves employed 316 people making it one of the
largest companies in Queensland by 1902 Queen Street had been paved with wooden
blocks from the bridge to Edwards Street the area now occupied by the mall the lower end was still a dirt road not paved or even sealed the same year the municipality
of Brisbane was proclaimed a city with this as it's Main Street there's been a
number of tragic fires in Queen Street the great fire of 1864 another the same a year and one in 1877 which claimed the life of volunteer fireman James Mooney
there's been confusion since then as to whether this fountain on the corner of
Queen and Eagle streets were dedicated to his memory it's more likely that
donations given by his firefighter mates in the public went to build this
memorial in the tourism Cemetery although in 1988 a plaque was attached which
recognizes Mooney and other firemen who died in Brisbane fires after the break
go back in time take a trip down Queen Street into Brisbane as far back as the
1880s Queen Street was the place to be seen promenade in the quaint term
applied to taking a walk where others will see you were a popular pastime as
well it was the retail center and the home of business the court was established
virtually at the end of Queen Street and ensured ongoing prosperity
historically this these streets have always been a commercial hub ever since the days
the first view of being built upon the shore there the commissariat
from then on just became a real commercial hub timber merchants Bank merchants history
and it's continued that inertia Queen Street quickly became the focus of major
events in the life of the city we send our troops away to the Boer War from
there in 1899 unfortunately this relatively calm scene on the Victoria Bridge
wasn't to last in 20s Queen Street also became home to our first traffic
jams thanks to the rapid growth of Commerce miss city and only one bridge
across the river, the public gatherings were immense in lighting building sticks
this huge throng lined Queen Street to see the arrival of the legendary Oppie cubit
Opperman the finest long-distance bike rider the country had ever produced it
just set a new record for the pedal from Sydney to Brisbane the very different sporting
priorities of the day dictated that this would be lead item LED newsreels
around the nation during the Second World War courtesy of the Brisbane line a
plan to drop the front line back to Brisbane in case of invasion from the north
the city became something of a garrison town there are constant parades of
Australian and American troops either coming or going the largest was in August
of 1944 when a crowd of 250,000 turned out to welcome the United States 7th
division Brisbane emerged from the war more neglected and dilapidated then
southern capitals but because so many country interstates and international
servicemen had been here during the war in the 50s tourists started to run but
the Brisbin of the 50s was totally unprepared and its reputation suffered it
was considered a hick town with few facilities and no entertainment if you are
coming over the bridge from South Brisbane you'd go past the Treasury Building
which is now the casino and then cross over George Street and on your right
there was Barry and robbers which was a pretty big store a bit further down on
the left with Allen and Stark which was eventually brought out by Myer and
there's a lot of other smaller stops such as dyads and a menswear big menswear the shop called pike brothers and that was all the top end of Queen Street for
Geoff rod and other Brisbane taxi drivers this is what Queen Street look like
in the late 50s a vast pry from what many of us can remember Krauss Albert The street you the main theaters were on the right for the Regent and there was a couple of good cafes there was one called the palms which was very
elegant it had mirrors and soda fountains and was quite a thing for Brisbane in
those days the women would always wear hats and gloves and the blokes of
businessmen of course would always wear suits and ties and there was much more
often than not a blue Serge suit with a white shirt occasionally they're like
they're blue shirt and that the ties were never to Larry they if you had the allowed tie was either called being loud or being a laugh and so you've kept
yourself pretty conservative the only highlight in the late 50s for the visitor
to Brisbane was to browse through the department stores of Queen Street the
largest and best in the state boss Queen Streets dominance was about to be
challenged and after the break a move that would forever change the face of
Brisbane's best-known street you here's a drink this one trick oh come on you
guys all right no no I know it kitty that's a big me all right already you
doing this here other any news here when this be on it other anybody gas up the
Baxter, I'm so so sorry I will do it slower you the Queen Street Mall is the very heart of the city I don't just mean the retail heart I think it's it's
the very epicenter of social life and a city that's got a half has got a future
but it wasn't always that way Queen Street and the city precinct had a fight on
their hands for domination of the Brisbane retail scene in 1957 the first the large-scale suburban shopping center opened inside the suburbs expanded the
highways through to those suburbs and access to those areas improved as a result they introduced the infrastructure that was required to service the
communities that were developing out there and while all that excitement was
taking classes in the outer ridges of the city of Brisbane as it continued to
grow downtown Queen Street was losing its color and flavor and mood and
becoming out of vogue so from the 50s right through to the 70s the focus of
the growth for this city was outside downtown Brisbane by 1974 there were four
major suburban shopping complexes in Brisbane the largest at that time was Garden
City the biggest in the southern hemisphere and the pressure increased Brisbane
was moving ahead on the news we were to host an international sporting event of
course it was the Commonwealth gangs we had been granted the Commonwealth Games
the Queen was coming the city was going to play host to an international event
and the focus was on the inner city rather than the outer city area so in
August of 1982 in line with the Winter Garden the city's first multi-level CBD
shopping experience opens stage one of the Queen Street Mall Stage one of the
mall again focused attention on Queen Street it was a resounding success so why
not have more nothing succeeds like success and the first part of the mall was
just fantastic it was agreed that at the time of exercise we would have the
mall extending up towards the old Treasury Building to Victoria Bridge of a course that was linking with South Bank what was happening all that sort of
vibrant animation over there at a south bank so there was a natural linkage
what's very important to understand is that the need for these corridors to be
developed through Queens Street to Victoria Bridge and South Bank along with Albert
Street between in George Square and the Botanic Gardens without those spines
without those axes, the city really doesn't have a foundation the Queen Street The mall is credited with revitalizing the inner city it is quite simply the most popular place in Queensland 26 million people visit the Queen Street Mall in a
year, of course, it is Brisbane's only 7-day shopping precinct so we have 7 days
to work with the intersection of Albert Street and Queen Street is the most popular
meeting spot in the state and unless you haven't been to the city for at least
18 months you'll be well aware all that has changed this construction zone has
been brought about by the biggest facelift the inner city has ever had around
the country cities and towns are abandoning more returning the streets to the
Great God motorcar Brisbane by contrast has decided to refurbish a mall that
since 1988 the expo year has stretched from Edwards Street to North Key next
come with us on a guided tour of the brand-new mall with a man who's made it
all happen it would be hard to imagine Brisbane and particularly the city
center without the Victoria Bridge it has been and still is a vital link
between north and south but of course, there was a time when it didn't exist the first bridge across the river wasn't commenced until 1864 it was an entirely wooden affair which came to a rather dramatic end the newspaper of the day
reports a Mr. cinnamon standing here near the end of the bridge it was quoted
as saying that as the Ipswich Coburn co-coach rumbled off the bridge part of
the structure simply fell down with a mighty crash as it turned out the bridge
pylons had been eaten away by marine borås the entire bridge collapsed over the
next few months it wasn't until 1874 before its replacement could be completed
and it wasn't long before nature struck again this time, not marine borås for
the disastrous flood of 1893 was so ferocious the torrent carried tons of material
down the river creating huge rafts of debris which when the bridge could resist
no more carried the northern half away again the city mustered its resources to
replace the link between the retail and commercial center on the Queen Street
side of the bridge and the port and warehouses which by now were well
established on the south bank it managed to survive any potential disasters and
was itself replaced in 1969 as part of the development that saw the construction
of the Riverside Expressway and now 134 years after it was first opened the
Victoria Bridge is still exercising an influence over the city it caught the
eye of the mall design team seeking a way to rearrange the mall's spaces and
structures one of the things that we observed was that the South Brisbane grid The street grid is about six degrees different to the street grid in the middle of
Brisbane and of course the bridges as well so this gave us a clue so you can
see then if you line up the angle of the bridge and then run the angle down
through here that is in fact the six-degree angle and this keeps on going till
it hits a point and then it glasses off at another six degrees and that
rebounds down the street a little bit like the compression in a didgeridoo
or a musical instrument and then that that inner self then creates the idea of
this procession way that runs down which is a little bit like a village street
within the street Architects, John Mainwaring was appointed director of the mall
refurbishment program after extensive research was carried out to find out what
the people of Brisbane wanted in the mall are there are two things overwhelmingly
that people said they wanted and that was they wanted to be the lighter they
wanted to be able to see the sky but also wanted the shade they wanted to be
able to see the buildings but they also wanted a roof to ensure they didn't
get wet on those brilliant summer storms as well people wanted more places to
be able to sit and we've certainly doubled the amount of seating that we've got
it integral also in the design of the mall is what has been called a procession
line a fast track if you like that runs the length of the mall giving the
feeling of a street within a street the procession line is wide enough to allow
access to emergency vehicles and there's even room for parades to pass-through
giving the public what it wanted wasn't always easy providing openness and
light and shade and protection at the same time called for a little bit of
ingenuity a three-level roof to provide the lot either three levels produce
very thin wafer-like that have separate functions in the top layer for example it
produces shade the middle layer translucent Lexan which acts as a waterproof
barrier and it still allows light through and then where there's a lower layer
which is this metal mesh is where there's gonna be a subtropical
creeper growing through that to give that lush cooling shade cooling effect and
summer plus the mall also depicts something of the culture of the area this
water feature at the top end is reflective of what the mall has become a place
to dine out and to be entertained but there are other features that continue
the theme of opening up the area to the sky one of the important things about
the whole mall project was the relationship and unification of all the
different disciplines like landscaping architecture pavement and so on here we have
for example in the lower more the cari pine and the relationship between the
Kauri pine and this collaborative work of art with prominent Queensland
Aboriginal artists Fiona Foley you can see here where the Granite's been
sandblasted leaving the leaves polished which actually reflect the skies so
developing this dialogue between the heavy granite pavement and the sky and on
a much more practical level one of the most asked questions about the new mall
is that they got rid of those heel snapping payments and the answer is yes in the fact the surface of the new mall and ease of getting around in it consumed much
of the designer's efforts, we wanted to give Brisbane a very very high quality
floor very similar to - to a European city we wanted to give that quality and
we found the stone nice light stone which still has the essence of the
subtropics we found the stone in my own eyes oh where - where's being
mined and cut into lumber and then being sent down here four-lane the mall will
have full restaurants all with fully covered outdoor eating areas the drawn
street end of the mall is dominated by the top stage and a smaller lower stage
sits in the middle of the Albert to Edward Street section it's not only to be a
precinct to serve the people of Greater Brisbane but changes in the way the city is growing will provide an impetus of their own we're gonna be looking at 80,000
people living within the confines of the city by the year - and one we've got
of course the precincts around us we've got major developments going on the top
end of the mall where they're going to be putting a residential come office
development there we've got the MacArthur chambers at the bottom of the mall
and of course, the wonderful South Bank which is this phrase of significant
refurbishment and about to embark on 100 million dollars retail office
development over there what it's been under tons of scaffolding for months but
coming up we'll take a look at that thing the central feature right in the
middle of the mall by now these are familiar scenes to all of us reliving the moment with fellow Queenslanders who've done as proud when we sneered the
elusive shield for the first time in 95 when the Broncos brought home the
Premiership trophy it's become a place where we say thanks and where we say
welcome we turned out to meet the Queen and spans an all-too-brief moment with Charles
and the lady we would win hearts all over the world by any measure Brisbane
Heights have made them all an extremely popular place simply because we keep
turning up here soon we'll be doing it in a place that has changed entirely so
what was wrong with the old mortgage well there was nothing wrong with the old
mall the old war was the best mall in Australia but it was just time to do some
renovation and renewal in our homes we regularly update them on the footpaths
we regularly update them I think the old more work extremely well but we needed
more seating we needed to open it up we needed to remove the clutter I think
everywhere occasionally we have a spring clean and this has been a spring clean
so now that we've seen what we're getting what as they say is the bottom line
how much is it costing us well a bill for the ratepayers is very small there is
a levy on all the businesses around this more all up it's about 25 million and 75%
of that is being paid for by the traders so did we get value for money oh absolutely
I guess it's a bit early to say with all this construction going on but I already
people are saying as you walk through the mall you're encouraged to look up and
see the wonderful old buildings here and that's certainly true it's going to
become very important leisure and relaxation area I think the night at night
the mall is going to be spectacular and the architecture has a Queensland feel
which is what we planned and I think this more will become famous around the
world this is called the central structure it's really the center face of the
Queen Street canal the main significance is as a meeting place at this major
crossroads here in Brisbane and also it's somewhat of an icon and symbolically
as you would expect in some civic way whether its main streets cross one
another major function arrives in shelter and shade for people and it's
purposely lifted up on this northern side to let in some of the widows own make
it a pleasant place to be in the wintertime when it rains it's going to be an
interesting experience, in fact, we're really by providing this major central
gutter which will spill into a fountain at the far end I think will appreciate
the rain and the sense of water at that time really looks very much like
a stick insect at the moment which is quite a surprise sometimes when we design
these things you don't have these preconceived ideas but at the end of the day
you know it becomes something else the mall has become all things to all people
you can find entertainment here from the wacky through to the oh so serious and
as Queen Street walls before the mall this special part of the city has something
for everyone it's a leisure precinct it's a commercial precinct it's an
information precinct it's the backdrop to the way the city celebrates it is in the fact a retail powerhouse it is now two blocks long and it's only 450 meters
it's not a lot of space but within that space, there are over 1,000 you chop of
those 1,000 stores over 600 are related to fashion there are three department
stores there are nine shopping centers whatever the style or feel that you want
to create for yourself so we specialize in the Queen Street Mall for those
just taking their first steps it can be a magical place a place of happy
childhood memories that will last forever until you're 15 it's an adult place
where friends can find that first shared adventure but still be staying in the
late teens it's a place to spread your wings to find new friends to see how the
other half lives then it's a place to start other experiences a springboard to
a night out a place to show your flair they say life begins at 40 around that the time it's a place for quiet reflection on the day's events but still a
shopper's paradise Queen Street is now older than anyone can remember it's a place to reflect on the way it was and marvel at the way it is the new Queen
Street Mall is certainly a radical change to take the city into the next
millennium obviously we couldn't show you everything tonight so you'll have to
come down and have a look for yourself and what better time than at the
official opening on Friday see you then join host Hugh Jackman as we capture
the glamour and the excitement in your special event the grand opening of Fox Studios
Australia 8:30 tonight 60 minutes is coming up next you